Adaptive estimation of stationary Gaussian fields

نویسنده

  • Nicolas Verzelen
چکیده

We study the nonparametric covariance estimation of a stationary Gaussian field X observed on a regular lattice. In the time series setting, some procedures like AIC are proved to achieve optimal model selection among autoregressive models. However, there exists no such equivalent results of adaptivity in a spatial setting. By considering collections of Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRF) as approximation sets for the distribution of X , we introduce a novel model selection procedure for spatial fields. For all neighborhoods m in a given collection M, this procedure first amounts to computing a covariance estimator of X within the GMRFs of neighborhood m. Then, it selects a neighborhood m̂ by applying a penalization strategy. The so-defined method satisfies a nonasymptotic oracle type inequality. If X is a GMRF, the procedure is also minimax adaptive to the sparsity of its neighborhood. More generally, the procedure is adaptive to the rate of approximation of the true distribution by GMRFs with growing neighborhoods. Key-words: Gaussian field, Gaussian Markov random field, model selection, pseudolikelihood, oracle inequalities, Minimax rate of estimation. ∗ Laboratoire de Mathématiques UMR 8628, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Osay † INRIA Saclay, Projet SELECT, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Osay in ria -0 03 53 25 1, v er si on 2 1 Se p 20 09 Estimation adaptative de champs gaussiens stationnaires Résumé : Nous étudions l’estimation non-paramétrique d’un champ gaussien stationnaire X observé sur un réseau régulier. Dans le cadre des séries temporelles, certaines procédures comme AIC réalisent une sélection de modèle optimale parmi les modèles autorégressifs. Cependant, il n’existe aucun résultat analogue d’adaptation pour des champs spatiaux. En considérant des collections de champs de Markov gaussiens comme des ensembles d’approximation de la distribution de X , nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode de sélection de modèle pour des champs spatiaux. Pour tout voisinage m dans une collection M donnée, cette procédure estime la covariance de X par un champ de Markov de voisinage m. Puis, elle sélectionne un voisinage m̂ grâce à une technique de pénalisation. L’estimateur ainsi défini satisfait une inégalité oracle non-asymptotique. Si X est un champ de Markov gaussien, la procédure est minimax adaptative à la taille de son voisinage. Plus généralement, nous prouvons que la procédure s’adapte à la vitesse d’approximation de la distribution de X par des champs de Markov gaussiens de voisinage croissant. Mots-clés : Champ gaussien, champ de Markov gaussien, sélection de modèle, pseudovraisemblance, inégalités oracles, vitesse minimax d’estimation. in ria -0 03 53 25 1, v er si on 2 1 Se p 20 09 Estimation of stationary Gaussian fields 3

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تاریخ انتشار 2009